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Arduino
Quick Reference:

Detailed
Power Considerations HERE

Duemilanove
/ YourDuinoRobo1 Schematic UNO
Schematic

Detailed
comparision of Arduino UNO and Yourduino ROBO1

Arduino
Duemilanove / YourDuino328 / YourDuinoRobo1:

Input
and Output
Each of the 14 digital pins can be used as an input or output,
using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin
can provide (Source) or receive (Sink) a maximum of 40 mA (20
mA is recommended maximum for normal designs) and has an internal pull-up
resistor (that can be activated when desired) of 20-50 kOhms.
NOTE:
The YourDuinoRobo1 has the same pins, but they are
additionally connected to 3-pin connectors with Ground-Voltage-Signal. See Pins
and Cables HERE:

Specialized
Pin Functions:

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and
transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These are used for downloading of software
sketches and should be reserved for that in most designs. These pins are
connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 (UNO versions) or FTDI USB-to-TTL Serial
chip.

External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be
configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge,
or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.

PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output
with the analogWrite() function.

SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins
support SPI communication using the SPI library.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin
13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's
off.

There are 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5,
each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By
default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the
upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function.
NOTE: The
Analog input pins can also be used as Digital Input or Output pins.

Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:

I2C aka TWI: (A4 or SDA pin) and (A5 or SCL pin). Support
I2C -TWI (Two Wire Interface) communication using the Wire
library.

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with
analogReference().

Reset. Bring this line to Ground (LOW) to reset the
microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block
the one on the board.

Power
Considerations: (See "Detailed Power Considerations", below)
The power pins
are as follows:

VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's
using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection
or other regulated power source). This is connected to the center terminal of
the Coaxial "Power" connector. You can supply a voltage through this pin, or,
if supplying voltage via the power connector, access it through this pin.

5V.The regulated power supply used to power the
microcontroller and other components on the board. This can come either from
VIN/Power Connctor via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or another
regulated 5V supply.

LIMITATIONS: If an external power supply is connected
to VIN, the current available from 5V depends on the power dissipated in the
onboard regulator, which is a maximum of about 1.5W. (Ref
)At 7V VIN this is about 700mA, at 9V VIN it's about 350 mA , at 12V
it's about 200 mA. Calculate: (VIN - 5) / 1.5

PRACTICAL LIMITS: The ATMEGA328 and other chips use
about 120mA, so what's LEFT for your LED's , and other external devices is
the limitations above minus about 150 mA, so now at VIN of:
7V it's about 550mA, 9V about 200 mA, and 12V 50 mA.

3V3.A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator
or FTDI chip. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.

NOTE: The YourDuinoRobo1 has a separate 3.3V power regulator that
provides up to 350mA at 3.3V

GND. Ground pins.

Memory:

The ATmega328 has 32 KB of Flash Memory for user's
Software Sketches (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of
SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM
library).

Summary:

Microcontroller

ATmega328

Operating Voltage

5V

Input Voltage (recommended)

7-12V

Input Voltage (limits)

6-20V

Digital I/O Pins

14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins

6

DC Current per I/O Pin

40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin

50 mA

Flash Memory

32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used
by bootloader

SRAM

2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM

1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed

16 MHz

ARDUINO UNO BOARD LAYOUT: From Nick Gammon (Original
Info HERE)

ARDUINO UNO BOARD LAYOUT DIAGRAM: THANKS! to Alberto
Piganti (Original PDF HERE)

YourDuinoROBO1 BOARD LAYOUT DIAGRAM:

ATMEGA328 (UNO, Duemilanove) CHIP PINOUT DIAGRAM:

DETAILED
POWER CONSIDERATIONS:
(Credits: http://www.thebox.myzen.co.uk/Tutorial/Power_Examples.html)

Powering
an Arduino

The Arduino Diecimila/Duemilanove/YourDuinoRobo1 has an
on board regulator for use when powering from an external power supply. It uses
the MC33269 series regulator chip. A question often asked is “can I run it off a
12V supply”. A look at the schematics show that C5 and C6 will be exposed to the
full input voltage so the first thing is to see that those capacitors are rated
at at least 12V, in this case they are with a 35V rating. So no trouble there.
Next see if the regulator can stand that much, again looking at the data sheet
shows this to be able to stand 20V. So next see if it can handle the
power.

The regulator drops the difference between the input voltage and
the output voltage. Also their is a series diode in front of the regulator so
that drops 0.7V. This gives us a total voltage drop across the regulator of 12 -
5 - 0.7 = 6.3V.

The power burnt off by the regulator is a function of the
current it is taking. Now the board takes about 120mA when it is running, add a
bit extra for interface current LEDs and so on and let’s call that
200mA.

So now we can calculate the power, it is simply 6.3 * 0.2 = 1.26
Watts.

Is that too much? Well the data sheet for that device is a little
more helpful than most. In includes this graph which shows what effect the
copper on the PCB has on the thermal resistance.

If you look at the Arduino you will see that there is only the minimum pad, that
is there is no extra copper surrounding the regulator. So in this case reading
off the graph we have a maximum power of about 1.5W for a 50 oC ambient or a thermal
resistance of 68 oC
/ W. So that means for our example we can only draw 1.5 / 6.3 = 0.238 A or
238mA. So it looks like we will be just about OK with 200mA. The data sheet also
says there is a thermal cut out that operates at 170 oC so you can use that if
you need in your calculations. However, it warns that the thermal cut out is not
a substitute for an adequate heat sink.

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